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~Course Details~
CBSE Standard Eleven
The Course contains fully animated syllabus of CBSE Board Class 11
COURSE DESCRIPTION
The course contains teachings of subject matter experts and master teachers who have covered all aspects of the subject in great details thereby simplifying concepts to ensure a better understanding & learning outcome. This supported by clips & story board ensures student engagement with an effective learning outcome & better knowledge retention. The content also incorporates interactive assessment modules which provides students with a tool to revise & to assess their understanding of the subject & concepts. Structured on Houghton Mifflin standards with pedagogy based high impact animated content with graphics, illustrations & videos. In this course you can learn subjects Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics.
CURRICULUM
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Subject 1: Biology
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Chapter 1.1: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- 1.1.1: Introduction
- 1.1.2: Objectives
- 1.1.3: The Tissues
- 1.1.4: Merisrematic Tissues
- 1.1.5: Merisrematic Tissues
- 1.1.6: Permanent Tissues
- 1.1.7: Simple Tissues
- 1.1.8: Collenchyma
- 1.1.9: Sclerenchyma
- 1.1.10: Types of Sclerenchyma
- 1.1.11: Complex Tissues
- 1.1.12: Xylem
- 1.1.13: Types of Xylem
- 1.1.14: Types of Xylem
- 1.1.15: Phloem
- 1.1.16: Types of Phloem
- 1.1.17: Types of Phloem
- 1.1.18: The Tissue System
- 1.1.19: Epidermal Tissue System
- 1.1.20: The Ground Tissue System
- 1.1.21: The Vascular Tissue System
- 1.1.22: The Vascular Tissue System
- 1.1.23: Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants
- 1.1.24: Monocotyledonous Root
- 1.1.25: Dicotyledonous Stem
- 1.1.26: Monocotyledonous Stem
- 1.1.27: Dorsiventral (Dicotyledonous) Leaf
- 1.1.28: Dorsiventral (Dicotyledonous) Leaf
- 1.1.29: Isobilateral (Monocotyledonous) Leaf
- 1.1.30: Secondary Growth
- 1.1.31: Vascular Cambium
- 1.1.32: Activity of the Cambial Ring
- 1.1.33: Spring wood and Autumn wood
- 1.1.34: Heartwood and Sapwood
- 1.1.35: Cork Cambium
- 1.1.36: Bark
- 1.1.37: Secondary Growth in Roots
- 1.1.38: Summary
- 1.1.39: MCQ
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Chapter 1.2: Biological Classification-I
- 1.2.1: Introduction
- 1.2.2: Objectives
- 1.2.3: Objectives
- 1.2.4: History of Classification
- 1.2.5: System of Classification
- 1.2.6: Two Kingdom System of Classification
- 1.2.7: Three Kingdom System of Classification
- 1.2.8: Four Kingdom System of Classification
- 1.2.9: Five Kingdom System of Classification
- 1.2.10: Six Kingdom System of Classification
- 1.2.11: Characters of Five Kingdoms
- 1.2.12: Kingdom Monera
- 1.2.13: Archaebacteria
- 1.2.14: Eubacteria
- 1.2.15: Summary
- 1.2.16: MCQ
- Chapter 1.3: Biological Classification-II
- Chapter 1.4: Biological Classification-III
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Chapter 1.5: Biomolecules
- 1.5.1: Introduction
- 1.5.2: Objectives
- 1.5.3: Objectives
- 1.5.4: How to Analyse Chemical Composition
- 1.5.5: Lipids
- 1.5.6: Nucleotides
- 1.5.7: Primary and Secondary Metabolites
- 1.5.8: Biomacromolecules
- 1.5.9: Proteins
- 1.5.10: Polysaccharides
- 1.5.11: Structure of proteins
- 1.5.12: Levels of protein structure
- 1.5.13: Nature of Bond linking monomers in a polymer
- 1.5.14: Dynamic Static of Body constituents-Concept of Metabolism
- 1.5.15: Metabolic basis for living
- 1.5.16: The Living State
- 1.5.17: Enzymes
- 1.5.18: Chemical Reactions
- 1.5.19: How do Enzymes bring such high rates of Chemical conversions?
- 1.5.20: Nature of Enzyme Action
- 1.5.21: Factors Affecting Enzymes Activity
- 1.5.22: Concentration of Substrate
- 1.5.23: Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes
- 1.5.24: Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes
- 1.5.25: Co-factors
- 1.5.26: Co-factors
- 1.5.27: Summary
- 1.5.28: Summary
- 1.5.29: MCQ
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Chapter 1.6: Body Fluids and Circulation
- 1.6.1: Introduction
- 1.6.2: Objectives
- 1.6.3: Blood
- 1.6.4: Formed Elements
- 1.6.5: Leucocytes
- 1.6.6: Platelets
- 1.6.7: Blood Groups
- 1.6.8: Rh grouping
- 1.6.9: Coagulation of Blood
- 1.6.10: Lymph(Tissue Fluid)
- 1.6.11: Circulatory Pathways
- 1.6.12: Human Circulatory System
- 1.6.13: Cardiac cycle
- 1.6.14: Lymph(Tissue Fluid)
- 1.6.15: Electrocardiograph(ECG)
- 1.6.16: Double Circulation
- 1.6.17: Regulation of Cardiac Activity
- 1.6.18: Disorders of Circulatory System
- 1.6.19: Summary
- 1.6.20: Summary
- 1.6.21: MCQ
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Chapter 1.7: Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- 1.7.1: Introduction
- 1.7.2: Objectives
- 1.7.3: Respiratory Organs
- 1.7.4: Human Respiratory System
- 1.7.5: Mechanism of Breathing
- 1.7.6: Respiratory volumes and capacities
- 1.7.7: Exchange of Gases
- 1.7.8: Transport of Gases
- 1.7.9: Transport of Carbon dioxide
- 1.7.10: Regulation of Respiration
- 1.7.11: Disorders of Respiratory System
- 1.7.12: Summary
- 1.7.13: MCQ
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Chapter 1.8: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
- 1.8.1: Introduction
- 1.8.2: Objectives
- 1.8.3: what is Cell Cycle?
- 1.8.4: Phases of Cell Cycle
- 1.8.5: Phases of Cell Cycle
- 1.8.6: M phase and Its Stages
- 1.8.7: M phase and Its Stages
- 1.8.8: Significance of Mitosis
- 1.8.9: Meiosis and Its Stages
- 1.8.10: Meiosis and Its Stages
- 1.8.11: Meiosis and Its Stages
- 1.8.12: Meiosis and Its Stages
- 1.8.13: Significance of Mitosis
- 1.8.14: Summary
- 1.8.15: Summary
- 1.8.16: MCQ
- Chapter 1.9: Cell - The Unit of Life-I
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Chapter 1.10: Cell - The Unit of Life-II
- 1.10.1: Introduction
- 1.10.2: Objectives
- 1.10.3: Types of Cell
- 1.10.4: Characteristics of Plant cell
- 1.10.5: Characteristics of Animal cell
- 1.10.6: Difference between Plant and Animal Cells
- 1.10.7: Characters of Prokaryotic Cells
- 1.10.8: Characters of Cell envelope and its modification
- 1.10.9: Mesosomes of Prokaryotic Cells
- 1.10.10: Characters of Ribosome of Prokaryotic Cells
- 1.10.11: Movement of Prokaryotic Cells
- 1.10.12: Characters of inclusion bodies of Prokaryotic Cells
- 1.10.13: Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- 1.10.14: MCQ
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Chapter 1.11: Cell - The Unit of Life-III
- 1.11.1: Introduction
- 1.11.2: Objectives
- 1.11.3: Structure of Edukaryotic Cells
- 1.11.4: Characteristics of Cell Membrane
- 1.11.5: Fluid Mosaic Model
- 1.11.6: Functions of Cell Membrane
- 1.11.7: Structure of Cell Wall
- 1.11.8: Middle Lamella
- 1.11.9: Primary Wall
- 1.11.10: Secondary Wall
- 1.11.11: Tertiary Wall
- 1.11.12: Functions of Cell Wall
- 1.11.13: Summary
- 1.11.14: Summary
- 1.11.15: Summary
- 1.11.16: MCQ
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Chapter 1.12: Cell - The Unit of Life-IV
- 1.12.1: Introduction
- 1.12.2: Objectives
- 1.12.3: Characters of Endomembrane System
- 1.12.4: Structure of the Rndoplasmic Reticulum
- 1.12.5: Characters of Golgi Apparatus
- 1.12.6: Characters of Lysosomes
- 1.12.7: Characters of vacuoles
- 1.12.8: Characters of Mitochondria
- 1.12.9: Characters of Ribosomes
- 1.12.10: Characters of Plastids
- 1.12.11: Characters of Chloroplasts
- 1.12.12: Summary
- 1.12.13: Summary
- 1.12.14: Summary
- 1.12.15: Summary
- 1.12.16: Summary
- 1.12.17: MCQ
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Chapter 1.13: Cell - The Unit of Life-v
- 1.13.1: Introduction
- 1.13.2: Objectives
- 1.13.3: Characters of Cytoskeleton
- 1.13.4: Characters of Cilia and Flagella
- 1.13.5: Characters of Centrosomes and Centrioles
- 1.13.6: Special types of Chromosomes
- 1.13.7: Characters of Nucleus
- 1.13.8: Characters of Chromosomes
- 1.13.9: Special types of Chromosomes
- 1.13.10: Characters of Microbodies
- 1.13.11: Summary
- 1.13.12: MCQ
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Chapter 1.14: Chemical Coordination and Integration
- 1.14.1: Introduction
- 1.14.2: Objectives
- 1.14.3: Endocrine Glands and Hormones
- 1.14.4: Human Endocrine System
- 1.14.5: The Pituitary Gland
- 1.14.6: The Pineal Gland
- 1.14.7: Thyroid Gland
- 1.14.8: Parathyroid Gland
- 1.14.9: Thymus
- 1.14.10: Adrenal Gland
- 1.14.11: Pancreas
- 1.14.12: Testis
- 1.14.13: Ovary
- 1.14.14: Hormones of Heart,Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract
- 1.14.15: Mechanism of Hormone Action
- 1.14.16: Summary
- 1.14.17: Summary
- 1.14.18: MCQ
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Chapter 1.15: Digestion and Absorption
- 1.15.1: Introduction
- 1.15.2: Objectives
- 1.15.3: Oral or Buccal Cavity and palate
- 1.15.4: Oral or Buccal Cavity and palate
- 1.15.5: Tongue
- 1.15.6: Teeth
- 1.15.7: Pharynx
- 1.15.8: Stomach
- 1.15.9: Small Intestine
- 1.15.10: Large Intestine
- 1.15.11: Layers in wall of Alimentary Canal
- 1.15.12: Digestive Glands
- 1.15.13: Digestion of Food
- 1.15.14: Digestion of Food
- 1.15.15: Digestion of Food
- 1.15.16: Absorption of digested products
- 1.15.17: Disorders of Digestive System
- 1.15.18: Summary
- 1.15.19: Summary
- 1.15.20: MCQ
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Chapter 1.16: Excretory Products and ther Elimination
- 1.16.1: Introduction
- 1.16.2: Objectives
- 1.16.3: Human Excretory System
- 1.16.4: Microscopic structure of kidney
- 1.16.5: Urine Formation
- 1.16.6: Function of the Tubules
- 1.16.7: Function of the Tubules
- 1.16.8: Mechanism of Concentration of the filtrate
- 1.16.9: Regulation of kidney function
- 1.16.10: Micturition
- 1.16.11: Role of other organs in Excretion
- 1.16.12: Disorders of the Excretory System
- 1.16.13: Summary
- 1.16.14: MCQ
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Chapter 1.17: Locomotion and Movement
- 1.17.1: Introduction
- 1.17.2: Objectives
- 1.17.3: Types of Movement
- 1.17.4: Muscle
- 1.17.5: Types of Muscle
- 1.17.6: Structure of Skeletal Muscle
- 1.17.7: Structure of Contractile Proteins
- 1.17.8: Mechanism of Muscle Contraction
- 1.17.9: Skeletal System
- 1.17.10: Appendicular Skeleton
- 1.17.11: Joints
- 1.17.12: Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System
- 1.17.13: Summary
- 1.17.14: Summary
- 1.17.15: MCQ
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Chapter 1.18: Long distance transport of Water
- 1.18.1: Introduction
- 1.18.2: Objectives
- 1.18.3: Long distance transport of water
- 1.18.4: Mass or Bulk flow system
- 1.18.5: How do Plants Absorb Water?
- 1.18.6: Apoplast Pathway
- 1.18.7: Symplast Pathway
- 1.18.8: Apoplast and Symplast Pathways
- 1.18.9: Root Pressure Theory
- 1.18.10: Transpiration Pull Theory
- 1.18.11: Transpiration
- 1.18.12: Transpiration
- 1.18.13: Assessment
- 1.18.14: Summary
- 1.18.15: Summary
- 1.18.16: MCQ
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Chapter 1.19: Mineral Nutrition
- 1.19.1: Introduction
- 1.19.2: Objectives
- 1.19.3: Methods to study the mineral requirements of Plants
- 1.19.4: Essential Mineral Elements
- 1.19.5: Criteria for Essentially
- 1.19.6: Micronutrient
- 1.19.7: Essential Elements
- 1.19.8: Role of Macro-and Micro-nutrients
- 1.19.9: Role of Macro-and Micro-nutrients
- 1.19.10: Role of Macro-and Micro-nutrients
- 1.19.11: Role of Macro-and Micro-nutrients
- 1.19.12: Deficiency Symptoms of Essential Elements
- 1.19.13: Deficiency Symptoms
- 1.19.14: Toxicity of Micronutrient
- 1.19.15: Mechanism of Absorption of Elements
- 1.19.16: Translocation of Solutes
- 1.19.17: Soil as Reservoir of Essential Elements
- 1.19.18: Metabolism of Nitrogen
- 1.19.19: Nitrogen Cycle
- 1.19.20: Nitrogen Cycle
- 1.19.21: Biological Nitrogen Fixation
- 1.19.22: Symbiotic Biological Nitrogen Fixation
- 1.19.23: Nodule Formation
- 1.19.24: Fate of Ammonia
- 1.19.25: Summary
- 1.19.26: Summary
- 1.19.27: MCQ
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Chapter 1.20: Morphology of Flowering Plants-Flowers
- 1.20.1: Objectives
- 1.20.2: Introduction
- 1.20.3: Objectives
- 1.20.4: The Flower
- 1.20.5: Parts of Flower
- 1.20.6: Types of Flower
- 1.20.7: Calyx
- 1.20.8: Corolla
- 1.20.9: Types of Corolla
- 1.20.10: Aestivation
- 1.20.11: Androecium
- 1.20.12: Parts of Stamen
- 1.20.13: Types of Androecium
- 1.20.14: Cohesion of Stamens
- 1.20.15: Adhesion of Stamens
- 1.20.16: Attachment of another to the filament
- 1.20.17: Gynoceium
- 1.20.18: Parts of Gynoceium
- 1.20.19: Types of Gynoceium
- 1.20.20: Placentation
- 1.20.21: Summary
- 1.20.22: Summary
- 1.20.23: MCQ
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Chapter 1.21: Morphology of Flowering Plants-Fruits
- 1.21.1: Introduction
- 1.21.2: Objectives
- 1.21.3: Sporogenesis
- 1.21.4: Gametogenesis
- 1.21.5: Pollination
- 1.21.6: Fertilization
- 1.21.7: The Fruit
- 1.21.8: Types of Fruit
- 1.21.9: The Seed
- 1.21.10: Types of Seed
- 1.21.11: Structure of Dicotyledonous Seed
- 1.21.12: Structure of Monocotyledonous Seed
- 1.21.13: Germination of Seeds
- 1.21.14: Description of Some Important Families-Fabaceae
- 1.21.15: Solanaceae
- 1.21.16: Summary
- 1.21.17: MCQ
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Chapter 1.22: Morphology of Flowering Plants-Leaves
- 1.22.1: Introduction
- 1.22.2: Objectives
- 1.22.3: The Leaf
- 1.22.4: Venation
- 1.22.5: Types of Leaves
- 1.22.6: Phyllotaxy
- 1.22.7: Modifications of Leaves
- 1.22.8: Functions of Leaves
- 1.22.9: Primary Functions of Leaves
- 1.22.10: Secondary Functions of Leaves
- 1.22.11: Protection-Secondary functions of Leaves
- 1.22.12: Reproduction-Secondary functions of Leaves
- 1.22.13: Secondary functions of Leaves
- 1.22.14: Secondary functions of Leaves-Sexual Reproduction
- 1.22.15: Summary
- 1.22.16: MCQ
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Chapter 1.23: Morphology of Flowering Plants-Roots
- 1.23.1: Introduction
- 1.23.2: Objectives
- 1.23.3: Roots
- 1.23.4: Types of Root System
- 1.23.5: Regions of the Root
- 1.23.6: Modifications of Roots
- 1.23.7: Modifications of Tap Roots
- 1.23.8: Modifications of Adventitious Roots for Mechanical Support
- 1.23.9: Modifications for Vital functions
- 1.23.10: Functions of Roots
- 1.23.11: Nitrogen Fixation
- 1.23.12: Aeration
- 1.23.13: Storage of Food Materials in Roots
- 1.23.14: Mechanical Support-Clinging
- 1.23.15: Haustorial Roots
- 1.23.16: Release of Oxygen
- 1.23.17: Photosynthesis by Roots
- 1.23.18: Reproductive Roots
- 1.23.19: Protection by Roots
- 1.23.20: Mycorrhiza
- 1.23.21: Summary
- 1.23.22: MCQ
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Chapter 1.24: Morphology of Flowering Plants-Stem
- 1.24.1: Introduction
- 1.24.2: Objectives
- 1.24.3: Objectives
- 1.24.4: Branching of stem
- 1.24.5: Lateral Branching
- 1.24.6: Dichotomous Branching
- 1.24.7: Modifications of Stem
- 1.24.8: Underground Modificationsof Stem
- 1.24.9: Sub-aerial Modificationsof Stem
- 1.24.10: Aerial Modificationsof Stem
- 1.24.11: Primary Functions of Stems
- 1.24.12: Secondary Functions of Stem
- 1.24.13: Secondary Functions of Stem
- 1.24.14: Secondary Functions of Stems-Vegetative
- 1.24.15: Protection against browsing
- 1.24.16: Summary
- 1.24.17: MCQ
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Chapter 1.25: Neural Control and Coordination
- 1.25.1: Introduction
- 1.25.2: Objectives
- 1.25.3: Neural System
- 1.25.4: Human Neural System
- 1.25.5: Peripheral Nervous System
- 1.25.6: Neuron as structural and functional unit of Neural System
- 1.25.7: Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse
- 1.25.8: Transmission of Impulses
- 1.25.9: Central Neural System
- 1.25.10: Central Neural System
- 1.25.11: Forebrain
- 1.25.12: Midbrain
- 1.25.13: Hindbrain
- 1.25.14: Reflex action and Reflex Arc
- 1.25.15: Mechanism of Vision
- 1.25.16: The Ear
- 1.25.17: Anatomy of Ear
- 1.25.18: Mechanism of Hearing
- 1.25.19: Summary
- 1.25.20: Summary
- 1.25.21: MCQ
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Chapter 1.26: Photosynthesis in higher Plants
- 1.26.1: Introduction
- 1.26.2: Objectives
- 1.26.3: What do we know?
- 1.26.4: Early Experiments
- 1.26.5: Early Experiments
- 1.26.6: Early Experiments
- 1.26.7: Where does Photosynthesis take place?
- 1.26.8: How many pigments are involved in Photosynthesis?
- 1.26.9: Cartenoids and Xanthophylls
- 1.26.10: What is Light Reactions
- 1.26.11: The Electron Transport
- 1.26.12: Splitting of Water
- 1.26.13: Cyclic and Non-cyclic Photo-Phosphorylation
- 1.26.14: Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
- 1.26.15: Where are the ATP and NADPH used?
- 1.26.16: MCQ
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Chapter 1.27: Plant growth and development
- 1.27.1: Introduction
- 1.27.2: Objectives
- 1.27.3: Growth
- 1.27.4: Growth is Measurable
- 1.27.5: Phases of Growth
- 1.27.6: Growth Rates
- 1.27.7: Geometric growth
- 1.27.8: Quantitative Comparison of Growth
- 1.27.9: Conditions of Growth
- 1.27.10: Differentiation,Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation
- 1.27.11: Development
- 1.27.12: Plant Growth Regulators
- 1.27.13: The discovery of Plant growth regulators
- 1.27.14: The discovery of Plant growth regulators
- 1.27.15: Physiological effects of plant growth regulators
- 1.27.16: Gibberellins
- 1.27.17: Cytokinins
- 1.27.18: Ethylene
- 1.27.19: Abscisic acid
- 1.27.20: Photoperiodism
- 1.27.21: Vernalisation
- 1.27.22: Summary
- 1.27.23: Summary
- 1.27.24: MCQ
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Chapter 1.28: Respiration in Plants
- 1.28.1: Introduction
- 1.28.2: Do Plants Breathe?
- 1.28.3: Glycosis
- 1.28.4: Fermentation
- 1.28.5: Aerobic Respiration
- 1.28.6: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
- 1.28.7: Objectives
- 1.28.8: Electron Transport System(ETS) and Oxidative Phosphorylation
- 1.28.9: The Respiratory Balance Sheet
- 1.28.10: Amphibolic Pathway
- 1.28.11: Calculation of Respiratory Quotient
- 1.28.12: Summary
- 1.28.13: Summary
- 1.28.14: MCQ
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Chapter 1.29: Structural Organisation in Animals-I
- 1.29.1: Introduction
- 1.29.2: Introduction
- 1.29.3: Objectives
- 1.29.4: Animal Tissues
- 1.29.5: Epithelial Tissue
- 1.29.6: Simple Epithelium
- 1.29.7: Cuboidal Epithelial
- 1.29.8: Columnar Epithelial
- 1.29.9: Glandular Epithelium
- 1.29.10: Glandular Epithelium
- 1.29.11: Compound Epithelium
- 1.29.12: Connective Tissue
- 1.29.13: Types of Connective Tissue
- 1.29.14: Dense Connective Tissue
- 1.29.15: Specialised Connective Tissue
- 1.29.16: Muscle Tissue
- 1.29.17: Smooth Muscle
- 1.29.18: Cardaic Muscle
- 1.29.19: Neural Tissue
- 1.29.20: Organ and Organ system
- 1.29.21: Summary
- 1.29.22: Summary
- 1.29.23: MCQ
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Chapter 1.30: Structural Organisation in Animals-II
- 1.30.1: Introduction
- 1.30.2: Objectives
- 1.30.3: Earthworm
- 1.30.4: Morphology
- 1.30.5: Morphology
- 1.30.6: Anatomy
- 1.30.7: Alimentary Canal
- 1.30.8: Alimentary Canal
- 1.30.9: Circulatory System
- 1.30.10: Respiratory System
- 1.30.11: Excretory Organs
- 1.30.12: Nervous System
- 1.30.13: Sensory System
- 1.30.14: Reproductive System
- 1.30.15: Cokroach
- 1.30.16: Morphology
- 1.30.17: Morphology
- 1.30.18: Anatomy
- 1.30.19: Circulatory System
- 1.30.20: Respiratory System
- 1.30.21: Excretory System
- 1.30.22: Nervous System
- 1.30.23: Reproductive System
- 1.30.24: Frogs
- 1.30.25: Morphology
- 1.30.26: Anatomy
- 1.30.27: Alimentary Canal
- 1.30.28: Respiratory System
- 1.30.29: Circulatory System
- 1.30.30: Excretory System
- 1.30.31: Nervous System
- 1.30.32: Reproductive System
- 1.30.33: Female Reproductive
- 1.30.34: Summary
- 1.30.35: Summary
- 1.30.36: Summary
- 1.30.37: MCQ
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Chapter 1.31: The Animal Kingdom-I
- 1.31.1: Introduction
- 1.31.2: Objectives
- 1.31.3: Objectives
- 1.31.4: Animal Kingdom
- 1.31.5: Level of Organisation
- 1.31.6: Symmetry
- 1.31.7: Diploblastic and Triploblastic Organisation
- 1.31.8: Coelom
- 1.31.9: Segmentation
- 1.31.10: Notochord
- 1.31.11: Division of Animal Kingdom
- 1.31.12: Invertebrates
- 1.31.13: Prifera
- 1.31.14: coelenterata
- 1.31.15: Ctenophora
- 1.31.16: Summary
- 1.31.17: Summary
- 1.31.18: Summary
- 1.31.19: Summary
- 1.31.20: MCQ
- Chapter 1.32: The Animal Kingdom-II
- Chapter 1.33: The Animal Kingdom-III
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Chapter 1.34: Morphology of Flowering Plants-Inflorescence
- 1.34.1: Introduction
- 1.34.2: Objectives
- 1.34.3: Objectives
- 1.34.4: The Inflorescence
- 1.34.5: Types of Inflorescence
- 1.34.6: Racemose Inflorescence
- 1.34.7: Cymose Inflorescence
- 1.34.8: Solitary Cyme
- 1.34.9: Monochasial Cyme
- 1.34.10: Dichasial Cyme
- 1.34.11: Polychasial Cyme
- 1.34.12: Special Types of Inflorescence
- 1.34.13: Cyathium
- 1.34.14: Verticillaster
- 1.34.15: Cyathium
- 1.34.16: Hypanthodium
- 1.34.17: Summary
- 1.34.18: MCQ
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Chapter 1.35: The Living World-I
- 1.35.1: Introduction
- 1.35.2: Objectives
- 1.35.3: Objectives
- 1.35.4: What is Living?
- 1.35.5: Characters of Living Organisms
- 1.35.6: Characters of Living Organisms-Cellular Structure
- 1.35.7: Characters of Living Organisms-Organisations
- 1.35.8: Characters of Living Organisms-Energy
- 1.35.9: Characters of Living Organisms-Homeostasis
- 1.35.10: Characters of Living Organisms-Metabolism
- 1.35.11: Characters of Living Organisms-Growth
- 1.35.12: Characters of Living Organisms-Consciouseness
- 1.35.13: Characters of Living Organisms-Movements
- 1.35.14: Characters of Living Organisms-Variation
- 1.35.15: Characters of Living Organisms-Adaptation
- 1.35.16: Characters of Living Organisms-Reproduction
- 1.35.17: Characters of Living Coordination
- 1.35.18: Characters of Living Organisms-Irritability
- 1.35.19: Characters of Living Organisms-Evolution
- 1.35.20: Characters of Living Organisms-Interaction
- 1.35.21: Characters of Living Organisms-Emergent Properties
- 1.35.22: Characters of Living Organisms-Life Cycle
- 1.35.23: Characters of Living Organisms-Death
- 1.35.24: Diversity in the Living world
- 1.35.25: Summary
- 1.35.26: Summary
- 1.35.27: Summary
- 1.35.28: MCQ
-
Chapter 1.36: The Living World-II
- 1.36.1: Introduction
- 1.36.2: Objectives
- 1.36.3: Objectives
- 1.36.4: Taxanomy
- 1.36.5: Taxanomy Categories
- 1.36.6: Species
- 1.36.7: Genus
- 1.36.8: Family
- 1.36.9: Order
- 1.36.10: Class
- 1.36.11: Phylum
- 1.36.12: Kingdom
- 1.36.13: Domain
- 1.36.14: Taxanomic Acids
- 1.36.15: Herbarium
- 1.36.16: Botanical Gardens
- 1.36.17: Museum
- 1.36.18: Zoological Parks
- 1.36.19: Key
- 1.36.20: Summary
- 1.36.21: Summary
- 1.36.22: MCQ
-
Chapter 1.37: The Plant Kingdom-I
- 1.37.1: Introduction
- 1.37.2: Objectives
- 1.37.3: Gymnosperms
- 1.37.4: Gymnosperms
- 1.37.5: Gymnosperms-Reproduction
- 1.37.6: Cycadophyta
- 1.37.7: Ginkgophyta
- 1.37.8: Gnetophyta
- 1.37.9: Coniferophyta
- 1.37.10: Angiosperms
- 1.37.11: Angiosperms-Reproduction
- 1.37.12: Angiosperms-Fruit
- 1.37.13: Angiosperms-Seed and Seed Dispersal
- 1.37.14: Life Cycle of Plants-Alteration of Generation
- 1.37.15: Alteration of Generation-Diplontic Life Cycle
- 1.37.16: Alteration of Generation-Haplo-Diplontic Life Cycle
- 1.37.17: Summary
- 1.37.18: Summary
- 1.37.19: MCQ
-
Chapter 1.38: The Plant Kingdom-II
- 1.38.1: Introduction
- 1.38.2: Objectives
- 1.38.3: Artificial System of Classification
- 1.38.4: Natural System of Classification
- 1.38.5: Phylogenetic System of Classification
- 1.38.6: Chlorophyceae
- 1.38.7: Algae
- 1.38.8: Phaeophyceae
- 1.38.9: Rhodophyceae
- 1.38.10: Bryophytes
- 1.38.11: Liveworts
- 1.38.12: Mosses
- 1.38.13: Pteridophytes
- 1.38.14: Summary
- 1.38.15: MCQ
-
Chapter 1.39: Transport of Water in Plants
- 1.39.1: Introduction
- 1.39.2: Objectives
- 1.39.3: Transport of Water in Plants
- 1.39.4: Means of Transport
- 1.39.5: Means of Transport
- 1.39.6: Means of Transport
- 1.39.7: Plant-Water Relations
- 1.39.8: Water Potential
- 1.39.9: Osmosis
- 1.39.10: Plasmolysis
- 1.39.11: Imbibition
- 1.39.12: Summary
- 1.39.13: Summary
- 1.39.14: Summary
- 1.39.15: MCQ
- Chapter 1.40: Transport of Mineral Nutrients in Plants
-
Chapter 1.1: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
-
Subject 2: Physics
-
Chapter 2.1: Gravitation
- 2.1.1: Introduction
- 2.1.2: Objectives
- 2.1.3: Definition
- 2.1.4: Kepler's Laws
- 2.1.5: Universal Law of Gravitation
- 2.1.6: The Gravitational Constant
- 2.1.7: Acceleration due to Gravity of Earth
- 2.1.8: Acceleration due to Gravity Below and Above the surface of Earth
- 2.1.9: Gravitational Potential Energy
- 2.1.10: Escape Velocity
- 2.1.11: Example
- 2.1.12: Earth Satellites
- 2.1.13: Energy of an Orbiting Satellite
- 2.1.14: Geostationary and Polar Satellites
- 2.1.15: Weightlessness
- 2.1.16: Summary
- 2.1.17: Summary
- 2.1.18: mcq_2.1
-
Chapter 2.2: Kinetic Theory
- 2.2.1: Introduction
- 2.2.2: Objectives
- 2.2.3: Definition
- 2.2.4: Molecular Nature of Matter
- 2.2.5: Behaviour of Gases
- 2.2.6: Boyle's Law
- 2.2.7: Charle's Law
- 2.2.8: Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas
- 2.2.9: Pressure of an Ideal Gas
- 2.2.10: Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas
- 2.2.11: Example
- 2.2.12: Maxwell distribution function
- 2.2.13: Law of Equipartition of Energy
- 2.2.14: Specific Heat Capacity
- 2.2.15: Mean Free Path
- 2.2.16: Brownian Motion
- 2.2.17: Summary
- 2.2.18: Summary
- 2.2.19: mcq_2.2
-
Chapter 2.3: Laws of Motion
- 2.3.1: Introduction
- 2.3.2: Objectives
- 2.3.3: Aristotle's Fallacy
- 2.3.4: Law of Inertia
- 2.3.5: Newton's First of motion
- 2.3.6: Example
- 2.3.7: Newton's Second Law of motion
- 2.3.8: Impulse
- 2.3.9: Newton's Third Law of motion
- 2.3.10: Conservation of Momentum
- 2.3.11: Equilibrium of a Particle
- 2.3.12: Common Forces in Mechanics
- 2.3.13: Circulae Motion
- 2.3.14: Solving Problems in Mechanics
- 2.3.15: Summary
- 2.3.16: Summary
- 2.3.17: mcq_2.3
-
Chapter 2.4: Mechanical Properties of Fluids
- 2.4.1: Introduction
- 2.4.2: Objectives
- 2.4.3: Definition
- 2.4.4: Pressure
- 2.4.5: Hydroststic and Atmospheric Pressure
- 2.4.6: Streamline flow
- 2.4.7: Equations of Continuity
- 2.4.8: Bernoulli's Principle
- 2.4.9: Torricelli's Law
- 2.4.10: Viscosity
- 2.4.11: Streamline flow
- 2.4.12: Example
- 2.4.13: Reynold's Number
- 2.4.14: Surface Tension
- 2.4.15: Surface Energy and Angle of Contact
- 2.4.16: Phenomena based on Surface Tension
- 2.4.17: Summary
- 2.4.18: Summary
- 2.4.19: mcq_2.4
-
Chapter 2.5: Mechanical Properties of Solids
- 2.5.1: Introduction
- 2.5.2: Objectives
- 2.5.3: Definition
- 2.5.4: Elastic body and Plastic body
- 2.5.5: Elastic Behaviour of Solids
- 2.5.6: Stress
- 2.5.7: Strain
- 2.5.8: Hooke's Law
- 2.5.9: Stress-Strain Curve
- 2.5.10: Elastic Modulli
- 2.5.11: Poisson's Ratio
- 2.5.12: Example
- 2.5.13: Applications of Elastic Behaviour of Materials
- 2.5.14: Summary
- 2.5.15: Summary
- 2.5.16: mcq_2.5
-
Chapter 2.6: Motion in a Plane
- 2.6.1: Introduction
- 2.6.2: Objectives
- 2.6.3: Definition
- 2.6.4: Scalars and Vectors
- 2.6.5: Multication of Vectors
- 2.6.6: Addition and Subtraction of Vector
- 2.6.7: Resolution of Vectors
- 2.6.8: Motion in a Plane
- 2.6.9: Motion in a Plane with Constant Acceleration
- 2.6.10: Relative Velocity
- 2.6.11: Projectile Motion
- 2.6.12: Example
- 2.6.13: Uniform Circular Motion
- 2.6.14: Summary
- 2.6.15: Summary
- 2.6.16: mcq_2.6
-
Chapter 2.7: Motion in a Straight line
- 2.7.1: Introduction
- 2.7.2: Objectives
- 2.7.3: Mechanics and Its Classification
- 2.7.4: Statics and Kinematics
- 2.7.5: Rest and Motion
- 2.7.6: Rest and Motion are relative
- 2.7.7: Types of Motion
- 2.7.8: Point Mass Object
- 2.7.9: Frame of Reference
- 2.7.10: Motion in One Two and Three Dimensions
- 2.7.11: Difference between Plant Length and displacement
- 2.7.12: Average speed and Instantaneous speed
- 2.7.13: Uniform speed and Variable speed
- 2.7.14: Average speed and Instantaneous speed
- 2.7.15: Velocity and its types
- 2.7.16: Graphical Representation of Motion
- 2.7.17: Summary
- 2.7.18: mcq_2.7
-
Chapter 2.8: Oscillations
- 2.8.1: Objectives
- 2.8.2: Introduction
- 2.8.3: Periodic and Osillatory Motions
- 2.8.4: Period,Frequency and Displacement
- 2.8.5: Simple Harmonac Motion
- 2.8.6: Simple Harmonac Motion and Uniform Circular Motion
- 2.8.7: Velocity and Acceleration in Simple Harmonic Motion
- 2.8.8: Example
- 2.8.9: Force Law for Simple Harmonic Motion
- 2.8.10: Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
- 2.8.11: Oscillations due to a spring
- 2.8.12: Simple Pendulum
- 2.8.13: Damped Simple Harmonic Motion
- 2.8.14: Forced Oscillations
- 2.8.15: Resonance
- 2.8.16: Summary
- 2.8.17: Summary
- 2.8.18: mcq_2.8
- Chapter 2.9: Physical World
-
Chapter 2.10: System of Particles and Rotational Motion
- 2.10.1: Introduction
- 2.10.2: Objectives
- 2.10.3: Definition
- 2.10.4: Center of Mass
- 2.10.5: Motion of Center of Mass
- 2.10.6: Linear Momentum of a System of Particles
- 2.10.7: Vector product of Two Vectors
- 2.10.8: Angular Velocity and its Relation with Linear Velocity
- 2.10.9: Torque and Angular Momentum
- 2.10.10: Equilibrium of a Rigid body
- 2.10.11: Moment of Inertia
- 2.10.12: Theorem of Perpendicular and Parallel Axis
- 2.10.13: Work done in Rotation
- 2.10.14: Angular Momentum in Rotation
- 2.10.15: Summary
- 2.10.16: Rolling Motion
- 2.10.17: Summary
- 2.10.18: mcq_2.10
-
Chapter 2.11: Thermal Properties of Matter
- 2.11.1: Introduction
- 2.11.2: Objectives
- 2.11.3: Temperature and Heat
- 2.11.4: Measurement of Temperature
- 2.11.5: Example
- 2.11.6: Ideal Gas Equation and Absolute
- 2.11.7: Specific Heat Capacity
- 2.11.8: Calorimetry
- 2.11.9: Thermal Expansion
- 2.11.10: Change of State
- 2.11.11: Heat Transfer
- 2.11.12: Thermal Conductivity of a Substance
- 2.11.13: Example
- 2.11.14: Newton's Law of Cooling
- 2.11.15: Summary
- 2.11.16: Summary
- 2.11.17: mcq_2.11
-
Chapter 2.12: Thermodynamics
- 2.12.1: Introduction
- 2.12.2: Objectives
- 2.12.3: Definition
- 2.12.4: Thermal Equillibrium
- 2.12.5: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
- 2.12.6: Internal Energy,Heat and Work
- 2.12.7: First Law of Thermodynamics
- 2.12.8: Specific Heat Capacity
- 2.12.9: Example
- 2.12.10: Thermodynamics State variables and Equation of State
- 2.12.11: Thermodynamic Process
- 2.12.12: Isothermal and Adiabatic Process
- 2.12.13: Heat Engines
- 2.12.14: Refrigerator and Heat pump
- 2.12.15: Second Law of Thermodynamics
- 2.12.16: Second Law of Thermodynamics
- 2.12.17: Carnot Engine
- 2.12.18: Summary
- 2.12.19: Summary
- 2.12.20: mcq_2.12
-
Chapter 2.13: Units and Measurement
- 2.13.1: Introduction
- 2.13.2: Objectives
- 2.13.3: Units and Measurements
- 2.13.4: The International System of Units
- 2.13.5: Measurement of Length
- 2.13.6: Measurement of Mass
- 2.13.7: Measurement of Time
- 2.13.8: Error
- 2.13.9: Example
- 2.13.10: Significant Figures
- 2.13.11: Example
- 2.13.12: Dimensions of Physical Quantity
- 2.13.13: Dimensional Formula and Equations
- 2.13.14: Dimensional Analysis
- 2.13.15: Dimensional Formula and Equations
- 2.13.16: Summary
- 2.13.17: Summary
- 2.13.18: mcq_2.13
-
Chapter 2.14: Waves
- 2.14.1: Introduction
- 2.14.2: Objectives
- 2.14.3: Definition
- 2.14.4: Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
- 2.14.5: Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
- 2.14.6: Displacement Relation in a Progressive Motion
- 2.14.7: Speed of a Traveling Wave
- 2.14.8: Principle of Superposition of waves
- 2.14.9: Reflection of Waves
- 2.14.10: Stationary Waves
- 2.14.11: Beats
- 2.14.12: Example
- 2.14.13: Summary
- 2.14.14: Doppler's Effect
- 2.14.15: Summary
- 2.14.16: mcq_2.14
-
Chapter 2.15: Work Energy and Power
- 2.15.1: Introduction
- 2.15.2: Definition
- 2.15.3: Work
- 2.15.4: Kinetic Energy
- 2.15.5: Example
- 2.15.6: Work done by a variable force
- 2.15.7: Work-Energy Theorem for a Variable Force
- 2.15.8: Potential Energy
- 2.15.9: Conservation of Mechanical Energy
- 2.15.10: Potential Energy of a spring
- 2.15.11: Various forms of Energy
- 2.15.12: Conservation of Energy
- 2.15.13: Power
- 2.15.14: Collisions
- 2.15.15: Summary
- 2.15.16: Summary
- 2.15.17: mcq_2.15
-
Chapter 2.1: Gravitation
-
Subject 3: Mathematics
-
Chapter 3.1: 3D Geometry
- 3.1.1: Introduction
- 3.1.2: Objectives
- 3.1.3: Coordinate Axes and Coordinate Planes
- 3.1.4: Coordinates of a Point in space
- 3.1.5: Example
- 3.1.6: Distance between Two points
- 3.1.7: Example I
- 3.1.8: Example II
- 3.1.9: Section formula
- 3.1.10: Corollary
- 3.1.11: Example of Section formula
- 3.1.12: Summary
- 3.1.13: Summary
- 3.1.14: mcq_3.1
-
Chapter 3.2: Binomial Theorem
- 3.2.1: Introduction
- 3.2.2: Objectives
- 3.2.3: Binomial Theorem for Positive Integral Indices
- 3.2.4: Pascal's Triangle
- 3.2.5: Binomial Theorem for any Positive Integer
- 3.2.6: Properties
- 3.2.7: Examples of Binomial Theorem
- 3.2.8: General term of Binomial Expansion
- 3.2.9: Middle term of Binomial Expansion
- 3.2.10: Example
- 3.2.11: Example
- 3.2.12: Summary
- 3.2.13: mcq_3.2
-
Chapter 3.3: Complex Numbers
- 3.3.1: Introduction
- 3.3.2: Objectives
- 3.3.3: Complex Numbers
- 3.3.4: Algebra of Complex Numbers(Addition)
- 3.3.5: Algebra of Complex Numbers(Difference)
- 3.3.6: Algebra of Complex Numbers(Multiplication)
- 3.3.7: Algebra of Complex Numbers(Division)
- 3.3.8: Power of i
- 3.3.9: The Square Roots of a Negative Real Number
- 3.3.10: Identities related to Complex Numbers
- 3.3.11: The Modulus and the Conjugate of a Complex number
- 3.3.12: Polar Representation of a Complex Number
- 3.3.13: Summary
- 3.3.14: mcq_3.3
-
Chapter 3.4: Conic Sections
- 3.4.1: Introduction
- 3.4.2: Objectives
- 3.4.3: Sections of a Cone
- 3.4.4: Circle
- 3.4.5: Example
- 3.4.6: Parabola
- 3.4.7: Parabola
- 3.4.8: Parabola
- 3.4.9: Example
- 3.4.10: Ellipse
- 3.4.11: Ellipse
- 3.4.12: Example
- 3.4.13: Hyperbola
- 3.4.14: Hyperbola
- 3.4.15: Example
- 3.4.16: Summary
- 3.4.17: Summary
- 3.4.18: mcq_3.4
-
Chapter 3.5: Limits and Derivatives
- 3.5.1: Introduction
- 3.5.2: Objectives
- 3.5.3: Intuitive Idea of Derivatives
- 3.5.4: Limits
- 3.5.5: Limits
- 3.5.6: Example
- 3.5.7: Limits
- 3.5.8: Example
- 3.5.9: Example
- 3.5.10: Derivatives
- 3.5.11: Example
- 3.5.12: Derivatives
- 3.5.13: Example
- 3.5.14: Derivatives
- 3.5.15: Derivatives
- 3.5.16: Example
- 3.5.17: Example
- 3.5.18: Derivatives
- 3.5.19: Derivatives
- 3.5.20: Example
- 3.5.21: Example
- 3.5.22: Example
- 3.5.23: Summmary
- 3.5.24: Summmary
- 3.5.25: Summmary
- 3.5.26: mcq_3.5
-
Chapter 3.6: Linear Inequalities
- 3.6.1: Introduction
- 3.6.2: Objectives
- 3.6.3: Inequalities
- 3.6.4: Example
- 3.6.5: Algebric Solutions of Linear Inequalities in one variable and their Graphical Representation
- 3.6.6: Example
- 3.6.7: Example
- 3.6.8: Graphical Solution of Linear Inequalities in Two variables
- 3.6.9: Example
- 3.6.10: Example
- 3.6.11: Summary
- 3.6.12: Summary
- 3.6.13: mcq_3.6
-
Chapter 3.7: Mathematical Reasoning
- 3.7.1: Introduction
- 3.7.2: Objectives
- 3.7.3: Statements
- 3.7.4: Statements
- 3.7.5: Example
- 3.7.6: New statements from old
- 3.7.7: Example
- 3.7.8: Special Words/Phrases
- 3.7.9: Special Words/Phrases
- 3.7.10: Example
- 3.7.11: Example
- 3.7.12: Impplication
- 3.7.13: Contrapositive and converse
- 3.7.14: Example
- 3.7.15: Example
- 3.7.16: Example
- 3.7.17: Validating Statements
- 3.7.18: Summary
- 3.7.19: Summary
- 3.7.20: mcq_3.7
-
Chapter 3.8: Permutation and Combination
- 3.8.1: Introduction
- 3.8.2: Objectives
- 3.8.3: Fundamental Principle of Counting
- 3.8.4: Example
- 3.8.5: Permutations
- 3.8.6: Permutations
- 3.8.7: Example
- 3.8.8: Permutations
- 3.8.9: Example
- 3.8.10: Example
- 3.8.11: Example
- 3.8.12: Combinations
- 3.8.13: Combinations
- 3.8.14: Example
- 3.8.15: Example
- 3.8.16: Summary
- 3.8.17: Summary
- 3.8.18: Summary
- 3.8.19: mcq_3.8
- Chapter 3.9: Principle of Mathematical Induction
-
Chapter 3.10: Probability
- 3.10.1: Introduction
- 3.10.2: Objectives
- 3.10.3: Random Experiments
- 3.10.4: Example
- 3.10.5: Event
- 3.10.6: Event
- 3.10.7: Event
- 3.10.8: Example
- 3.10.9: Axiomatic Approach to Probability
- 3.10.10: Axiomatic Approach to Probability
- 3.10.11: Axiomatic Approach to Probability
- 3.10.12: Example
- 3.10.13: Example
- 3.10.14: Example
- 3.10.15: Summary
- 3.10.16: Summary
- 3.10.17: Summary
- 3.10.18: mcq_3.10
- Chapter 3.11: Quadratic Equations
-
Chapter 3.12: Relations and Functions
- 3.12.1: Introduction
- 3.12.2: Objectives
- 3.12.3: Cartesians Products of Sets
- 3.12.4: Cartesians Products of Sets
- 3.12.5: Example
- 3.12.6: Relations
- 3.12.7: Example
- 3.12.8: Example
- 3.12.9: Functions
- 3.12.10: Some functions and their graphs
- 3.12.11: Functions
- 3.12.12: Example
- 3.12.13: Example
- 3.12.14: Example
- 3.12.15: Did you know
- 3.12.16: Summary
- 3.12.17: Summary
- 3.12.18: Summary
- 3.12.19: mcq_3.12
-
Chapter 3.13: Sequence and Series-I
- 3.13.1: Introduction
- 3.13.2: Objectives
- 3.13.3: Sequence
- 3.13.4: Sequence II
- 3.13.5: Example of Sequence
- 3.13.6: Series
- 3.13.7: Arithmetic Progression(A.P.)
- 3.13.8: Properties of Arithmetic Progression(A.P.)
- 3.13.9: Example of Arithmetic Progression(A.P.)
- 3.13.10: Example of Arithmetic Progression(A.P.)
- 3.13.11: Arithmetic mean
- 3.13.12: Examples of Arithmetic mean
- 3.13.13: Did you know
- 3.13.14: Summary
- 3.13.15: Summary
- 3.13.16: mcq_3.13
-
Chapter 3.14: Sequence and Series-II
- 3.14.1: Introduction
- 3.14.2: Objectives
- 3.14.3: Definition
- 3.14.4: nth Term of G.P.
- 3.14.5: Example
- 3.14.6: Sum of the n terms of an G.P.
- 3.14.7: Example
- 3.14.8: Example
- 3.14.9: Geometric Mean(G.M.)
- 3.14.10: Example
- 3.14.11: Example
- 3.14.12: Relationship between A.M. and G.M.
- 3.14.13: Sum of n Terms of Special Series
- 3.14.14: Example
- 3.14.15: Did you know
- 3.14.16: Summary
- 3.14.17: mcq_3.14
-
Chapter 3.15: Sets-I
- 3.15.1: Introduction
- 3.15.2: Objectives
- 3.15.3: Sets and Their Representation
- 3.15.4: Representation of Sets
- 3.15.5: Methods of Representation of Sets
- 3.15.6: Examples of Roster Form of Sets
- 3.15.7: Examples of Set Builder Form of Sets
- 3.15.8: The Empty Set
- 3.15.9: Finite and Infinite Sets
- 3.15.10: Equal and Unequal Sets
- 3.15.11: Examples of Equal Sets
- 3.15.12: Did you know
- 3.15.13: Summary
- 3.15.14: mcq_3.15
-
Chapter 3.16: Sets-II
- 3.16.1: Introduction
- 3.16.2: Objectives
- 3.16.3: Subsets
- 3.16.4: Other Definitions
- 3.16.5: Intervals as Subsets of R
- 3.16.6: Power Set
- 3.16.7: Universal Set
- 3.16.8: Venn Diagram
- 3.16.9: Illustrations of Venn Diagram
- 3.16.10: Operations on Sets(Union)
- 3.16.11: Venn Diagram(Union)
- 3.16.12: Some Properties of the Operations of Union
- 3.16.13: Did you know
- 3.16.14: Summary
- 3.16.15: mcq_3.16
-
Chapter 3.17: Sets-III
- 3.17.1: Introduction
- 3.17.2: Objectives
- 3.17.3: Operation on Sets(Intersection)
- 3.17.4: Disjoint Sets
- 3.17.5: Properties of Operations of Intersection
- 3.17.6: Operations on Sets(Difference)
- 3.17.7: Compliment of a set
- 3.17.8: Examples of Compliment
- 3.17.9: De Morgans Law
- 3.17.10: Practical Problems on Union and Intersection of Two Sets
- 3.17.11: Facts
- 3.17.12: Did you know
- 3.17.13: Summary
- 3.17.14: mcq_3.17
-
Chapter 3.18: Statistics
- 3.18.1: Introduction
- 3.18.2: Objectives
- 3.18.3: Measures of dispersion
- 3.18.4: Range
- 3.18.5: Mean Deviation
- 3.18.6: Example
- 3.18.7: Mean Deviation
- 3.18.8: Mean Deviation
- 3.18.9: Example
- 3.18.10: Mean Deviation
- 3.18.11: Example
- 3.18.12: Mean Deviation
- 3.18.13: Example
- 3.18.14: Mean Deviation
- 3.18.15: Example
- 3.18.16: Mean Deviation
- 3.18.17: Example
- 3.18.18: Mean Deviation
- 3.18.19: Variance and Standard Deviation
- 3.18.20: Example
- 3.18.21: Example
- 3.18.22: Example
- 3.18.23: Analysis of Frequency distribution
- 3.18.24: Example
- 3.18.25: Did you know
- 3.18.26: Summary
- 3.18.27: Summary
- 3.18.28: mcq_3.18
-
Chapter 3.19: The Straight Line-I
- 3.19.1: Introduction
- 3.19.2: Objectives
- 3.19.3: Basics of Coordinate Geometry
- 3.19.4: Basics of Coordinate Geometry
- 3.19.5: Slope of a Line
- 3.19.6: Example of Slope of a Line
- 3.19.7: Angle between Two Lines
- 3.19.8: Example of Angle between Two Lines
- 3.19.9: Collinearity of three points
- 3.19.10: Various forms of Equations of Line
- 3.19.11: Point-slope form and Two-point form
- 3.19.12: Did you know
- 3.19.13: Summary
- 3.19.14: Summary
- 3.19.15: mcq_3.19
-
Chapter 3.20: The Straight Line-II
- 3.20.1: Introduction
- 3.20.2: Objectives
- 3.20.3: Slope-Intercept form
- 3.20.4: Example of Slope-Intercept form
- 3.20.5: Intercept form
- 3.20.6: Normal Form
- 3.20.7: Example of Normal Form
- 3.20.8: General Equation of a Line
- 3.20.9: Example of General Equation of a Line
- 3.20.10: Example of General Equation of a Line
- 3.20.11: Distance of a point form a line
- 3.20.12: Example
- 3.20.13: Distance between Two Paraalel Lines
- 3.20.14: Did you know
- 3.20.15: Did you know
- 3.20.16: Summary
- 3.20.17: Summary
- 3.20.18: mcq_3.20
-
Chapter 3.21: Trigonometric Functions
- 3.21.1: Introduction
- 3.21.2: Objectives
- 3.21.3: Angles
- 3.21.4: Angles
- 3.21.5: Angles
- 3.21.6: Example
- 3.21.7: Example
- 3.21.8: Trigonometric Functions
- 3.21.9: Trigonometric Functions
- 3.21.10: Trigonometric Functions
- 3.21.11: Trigonometric Functions
- 3.21.12: Trigonometric Functions
- 3.21.13: Trigonometric Functions
- 3.21.14: Example
- 3.21.15: Example
- 3.21.16: Example
- 3.21.17: Trigonometric Functions of Sum and Difference of Two Angles
- 3.21.18: Example
- 3.21.19: Example
- 3.21.20: Trigonometric Equations
- 3.21.21: Example
- 3.21.22: Did You know
- 3.21.23: Summary
- 3.21.24: Summary
- 3.21.25: mcq_3.21
-
Chapter 3.1: 3D Geometry
-
Subject 4: Chemistry
-
Chapter 4.1: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure-I
- 4.1.1: Introduction
- 4.1.2: Objectives
- 4.1.3: Definition
- 4.1.4: Kossel Lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding
- 4.1.5: Lewis Symbols
- 4.1.6: Example on Lewis Symbols
- 4.1.7: Ionic Bond
- 4.1.8: Energy Changes during the formation of Ionic Bond
- 4.1.9: Differences between Ionic Bond and Covalent Bond
- 4.1.10: Factors Affecting the Ionic Bond
- 4.1.11: Lattice Energy
- 4.1.12: Properties of Ionic Compounds
- 4.1.13: Bond Length and Bond Angle
- 4.1.14: Bond Enthalpy and Bond Order
- 4.1.15: Resonance Structure
- 4.1.16: Polarity of Bonds
- 4.1.17: Differences between Metallic bond and Covalent bond
- 4.1.18: Summary
- 4.1.19: Summary
- 4.1.20: mcq_4.1
-
Chapter 4.2: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure-II
- 4.2.1: Introduction
- 4.2.2: Objectives
- 4.2.3: Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion(VSEPR) Theory
- 4.2.4: Structure of Molecules According to VSEPR Theory
- 4.2.5: Valence Bond Theory
- 4.2.6: Difference between Sigma bond and Pi bond
- 4.2.7: Hybridisation
- 4.2.8: Types of Hybridisation
- 4.2.9: Example
- 4.2.10: Molecular Orbital Theory
- 4.2.11: Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals(LCAO)
- 4.2.12: Types of Molecular Orbitals
- 4.2.13: Electronic Configuration and Molecular Behaviour
- 4.2.14: Some Properties of Molecules
- 4.2.15: Bonding in Some Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
- 4.2.16: Hydrogen Bonding
- 4.2.17: Types of Hydrogen Bonds
- 4.2.18: Summary
- 4.2.19: mcq_4.2
-
Chapter 4.3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in properties
- 4.3.1: Introduction
- 4.3.2: Objectives
- 4.3.3: Why do we needs to classift Elements?
- 4.3.4: Genesis of Periodic Classification
- 4.3.5: Mendeleev's Periodic Table
- 4.3.6: Modern Periodic Law and the present form of the periodic table
- 4.3.7: Nomenclature of Elements with atomic numbers>100
- 4.3.8: Metals,Non-metals and Metalloids
- 4.3.9: Electronic Configuration of Elements and the Periodic Table
- 4.3.10: Electronic Configuration and Types of Elements:s-,p-,f-Blocks
- 4.3.11: Periodic Trends in properties of elements
- 4.3.12: Electron Gain Enthalpy
- 4.3.13: Electronegativity
- 4.3.14: Ionisation Enthalpy
- 4.3.15: Periodic Trends in Chemical Properties
- 4.3.16: mcq_4.3
-
Chapter 4.4: Environmental Chemistry
- 4.4.1: Objectives
- 4.4.2: Introduction
- 4.4.3: Objectives
- 4.4.4: Definition
- 4.4.5: Environmental Pollution
- 4.4.6: Pollutants and Contaminants
- 4.4.7: Receptor,Sink and Pathways
- 4.4.8: Dissolved Oxygen,Chemical Oxygen Demand and Biochemical Oxygen Demand
- 4.4.9: Atmospheric Pollution
- 4.4.10: Tropospheric Pollution
- 4.4.11: Oxides of Nitrogen and Sulphur(Pollutants)
- 4.4.12: Oxides of Carbon(Pollutants)
- 4.4.13: Example on Gaseous Air Pollutants
- 4.4.14: Green House Effect
- 4.4.15: Acid Rain
- 4.4.16: Particulate Pollutants
- 4.4.17: Non-viable Particulate Pollutants
- 4.4.18: Smog
- 4.4.19: Photochemical Smog
- 4.4.20: Ozone Layer
- 4.4.21: Water Pollution
- 4.4.22: Ozone Hole
- 4.4.23: Sources of Water Pollutant
- 4.4.24: Other factors causing Water Pollution
- 4.4.25: Soil Pollution
- 4.4.26: Sources of Soil Pollution
- 4.4.27: Other factors causing Soil Pollution
- 4.4.28: Industrial Waste
- 4.4.29: Cadmium and Lead(Industrial Waste)
- 4.4.30: Strategies to control Environmental Pollution
- 4.4.31: Green Chemistry
- 4.4.32: Concepts of Green Chemistry
- 4.4.33: Summary
- 4.4.34: Summary
- 4.4.35: mcq_4.4
-
Chapter 4.5: Equilibrium (I)
- 4.5.1: Introduction
- 4.5.2: Objectives
- 4.5.3: Equilibrium in Physical State
- 4.5.4: Liquid-Vapour Equilibrium
- 4.5.5: Solid-Vapour Equilibrium
- 4.5.6: Equilibrium involving dissolution of Solid or Gases in Liquids
- 4.5.7: General Characteristics of equilibria involving Physical processes
- 4.5.8: Equilibrium in Chemical Processes-Dynamic Equilibrium
- 4.5.9: Equilibrium in Chemical Processes-Dynamic Equilibrium
- 4.5.10: Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant
- 4.5.11: Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant
- 4.5.12: Homogenous Equilibria
- 4.5.13: Heterogenous Equilibria
- 4.5.14: Application of Equilibrium Constant
- 4.5.15: Predcting the direction of the Reaction
- 4.5.16: Calculating Equilibrium Concentration
- 4.5.17: Relationship between Equilibrium Constant K,Reaction Quotient Q and Gibbs Energy G
- 4.5.18: Factors Affecting Equilibria
- 4.5.19: Factors Affecting Equilibria
- 4.5.20: Effect of Temperature Change
- 4.5.21: Effect of a Catalyst
- 4.5.22: Summary
- 4.5.23: Summary
- 4.5.24: mcq_4.5
-
Chapter 4.6: Equilibrium (II)
- 4.6.1: Introduction
- 4.6.2: Objectives
- 4.6.3: Ionic Equilibrium in Solution
- 4.6.4: Acid,Bases and Salts
- 4.6.5: Acid,Bases and Salts
- 4.6.6: The Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
- 4.6.7: Example
- 4.6.8: Lewis Acids and Bases
- 4.6.9: Ionization of Acids and Bases
- 4.6.10: The pH Scale
- 4.6.11: Ionization Constant of Weak Acids
- 4.6.12: Ionization Constant of Weak Bases
- 4.6.13: Relation Between k,and kb
- 4.6.14: Di-and Polybasic Acids and Di-and Polyacidic Bases
- 4.6.15: Factors affecting Acid Strength
- 4.6.16: Common Ion effect in the Ionization of Acids and Bases
- 4.6.17: Hydrolysis of salts and pH of their Solutions
- 4.6.18: Hydrolysis of salts and pH of their Solutions
- 4.6.19: Buffer Solutions
- 4.6.20: Solubility Equilibria of Sparingly Soluble Salts
- 4.6.21: Common Ion effect on solubility of Ionic Salts
- 4.6.22: Summary
- 4.6.23: Summary
- 4.6.24: mcq_4.6
-
Chapter 4.7: Hydrocarbons I
- 4.7.1: Introduction
- 4.7.2: Objectives
- 4.7.3: Definition
- 4.7.4: Classification
- 4.7.5: Alkanes
- 4.7.6: IUPAC System of Naming Alkanes I
- 4.7.7: IUPAC System of Naming Alkanes I
- 4.7.8: Preparation of Alkanes I
- 4.7.9: Preparation of Alkanes I
- 4.7.10: Physical Properties of Alkane
- 4.7.11: Chemical Properties of Alkanes I
- 4.7.12: Chemical Properties of Alkanes II
- 4.7.13: Chemical Properties of Alkanes III
- 4.7.14: Conformations
- 4.7.15: Conformational Analysis of Ethane
- 4.7.16: Sawhorse projection
- 4.7.17: Summary
- 4.7.18: mcq_4.7
-
Chapter 4.8: Hydrocarbons II
- 4.8.1: Introduction
- 4.8.2: Objectives
- 4.8.3: Alkenes
- 4.8.4: Structure of double bond
- 4.8.5: Nomenclature of Alkenes I
- 4.8.6: Nomenclature of Alkenes II
- 4.8.7: Isomerism
- 4.8.8: Preparation of Alkanes I
- 4.8.9: Preparation of Alkanes II
- 4.8.10: Physical Properties of Alkanes
- 4.8.11: Chemical Properties of Alkenes I
- 4.8.12: Chemical Properties of Alkenes II
- 4.8.13: Alkynes
- 4.8.14: Naming Alkynes
- 4.8.15: Structure of Alkynes
- 4.8.16: Isomerism
- 4.8.17: Preparation of Alkynes
- 4.8.18: Physical Properties of Alkynes
- 4.8.19: Chemical Properties of Alkynes
- 4.8.20: Summary
- 4.8.21: mcq_4.8
-
Chapter 4.9: Hydrocarbons III
- 4.9.1: Introduction
- 4.9.2: Objectives
- 4.9.3: Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- 4.9.4: Isomerism
- 4.9.5: Nomenclature
- 4.9.6: Nomenclature of Alkenes II
- 4.9.7: Structure of Benzene
- 4.9.8: Resonance I
- 4.9.9: Aromaticity
- 4.9.10: Orbital Picture of Benzene
- 4.9.11: Preparation of Benzene
- 4.9.12: Physical Properties
- 4.9.13: Chemical Properties I
- 4.9.14: Chemical Properties II
- 4.9.15: Directive Influence of a functional group in Monosubstituted Benzene I
- 4.9.16: Directive Influence of a functional group in Monosubstituted Benzene II
- 4.9.17: Summary
- 4.9.18: mcq_4.9
-
Chapter 4.10: Hydrogen (I)
- 4.10.1: Introduction
- 4.10.2: Objectives
- 4.10.3: Position of Hydrogen in the Periodic table
- 4.10.4: Dihydrogen,H2
- 4.10.5: Isotopes of Hydrogen
- 4.10.6: Preparation of Dihydrogen,H2
- 4.10.7: Commercial production of Dihydrogen
- 4.10.8: Commercial production of Dihydrogen
- 4.10.9: Properties of Dihydrogen
- 4.10.10: Chemical Properties of Dihydrogen
- 4.10.11: Chemical Properties of Dihydrogen
- 4.10.12: Chemical Properties of Dihydrogen
- 4.10.13: Uses of Dihydrogen
- 4.10.14: Hydrides
- 4.10.15: Covalent or Molecular Hydrides
- 4.10.16: Covalent or Molecular Hydrides
- 4.10.17: Metallic or Non-Stoichiometric(or interstitial) Hydrides
- 4.10.18: Summary
- 4.10.19: mcq_4.10
-
Chapter 4.11: Hydrogen (II)
- 4.11.1: Introduction
- 4.11.2: Objectives
- 4.11.3: Water
- 4.11.4: Physical Properties of Water
- 4.11.5: Structure of Water
- 4.11.6: Structure of Ice
- 4.11.7: Chemical Properties of Water
- 4.11.8: Chemical Properties of Water
- 4.11.9: Hard and Soft Water
- 4.11.10: Hard and Soft Water
- 4.11.11: Permanent Hardness
- 4.11.12: Ion-Exchange Method
- 4.11.13: Synthetic Resins Method
- 4.11.14: Hydrogen Peroxide(H2O2)
- 4.11.15: Physical Properties
- 4.11.16: Structure
- 4.11.17: Chemical Properties
- 4.11.18: Storage
- 4.11.19: Uses
- 4.11.20: Heavy Water,D2 o
- 4.11.21: Dihydrogen as a fuel
- 4.11.22: Summary
- 4.11.23: Summary
- 4.11.24: mcq_4.11
-
Chapter 4.12: Organic Chemistry-I
- 4.12.1: Introduction
- 4.12.2: Objectives
- 4.12.3: Tetravalence of Carbon:Shapes of Organic compounds
- 4.12.4: Some Characteristics Features of Bonds
- 4.12.5: Structural Representation of Organic Compounds
- 4.12.6: Structural Representation of Organic Compounds
- 4.12.7: Three-Dimensional Representation of Organic Molecules
- 4.12.8: Classification of Organic Compounds
- 4.12.9: Acyclic or open Chain Compounds
- 4.12.10: Alicyclic or Closed chain or ring Compounds
- 4.12.11: Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds
- 4.12.12: Nomenclature or Organic Compounds
- 4.12.13: The IUPAC System of Nomenclature
- 4.12.14: The IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes
- 4.12.15: Nomenclature of Branched chain Alkanes
- 4.12.16: Nomenclature of Branched chain Alkanes
- 4.12.17: Nomenclature of Branched chain Alkanes
- 4.12.18: Cyclic Compounnds
- 4.12.19: Nomenclature of Organic Compounds having Functional Group(S)
- 4.12.20: Nomenclature of Substituted Benzene Compounds
- 4.12.21: Nomenclature of Substituted Benzene Compounds
- 4.12.22: Summary
- 4.12.23: Summary
- 4.12.24: mcq_4.12
-
Chapter 4.13: Organic Chemistry-II
- 4.13.1: Introduction
- 4.13.2: Objectives
- 4.13.3: Isomerism
- 4.13.4: Structural Isomerism
- 4.13.5: Structural Isomerism
- 4.13.6: Stereoisomerism
- 4.13.7: Fundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanism
- 4.13.8: Fission of a Covalent Bond
- 4.13.9: Homolytic Cleavage
- 4.13.10: Nucleophiles and Electrophiles
- 4.13.11: Electron Movement in Organic Reactions
- 4.13.12: Electron Displacement Effects in Covalent Bonds
- 4.13.13: Inductive Effect
- 4.13.14: Resonance Structure
- 4.13.15: Resonance Effect
- 4.13.16: Electromeric Effect(E effect)
- 4.13.17: Types of Electromeric
- 4.13.18: Hyperconjugation
- 4.13.19: Summary
- 4.13.20: Summary
- 4.13.21: mcq_4.13
-
Chapter 4.14: Organic Chemistry-III
- 4.14.1: Introduction
- 4.14.2: Objectives
- 4.14.3: Methods of Purification of Organic Compounds
- 4.14.4: Crystallisation
- 4.14.5: Distillation
- 4.14.6: Fractional Distillation
- 4.14.7: Distillation under Reduced Pressure
- 4.14.8: Steam Distillation
- 4.14.9: Differential Extraction
- 4.14.10: Chromatography
- 4.14.11: Column Chromatography
- 4.14.12: Thin Layer Chromatography
- 4.14.13: Partition Chromatography
- 4.14.14: Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounnds
- 4.14.15: Detection of Other Elements
- 4.14.16: Test for Halogens
- 4.14.17: Test for Phosphorus
- 4.14.18: Quantitative Analysis
- 4.14.19: Nitrogen
- 4.14.20: Kjeldahl's Method
- 4.14.21: Halogens
- 4.14.22: Sulphur
- 4.14.23: Phosphorus
- 4.14.24: Oxygen
- 4.14.25: Summary
- 4.14.26: Summary
- 4.14.27: mcq_4.14
-
Chapter 4.15: Redox Reactions
- 4.15.1: Introduction
- 4.15.2: Objectives
- 4.15.3: Definition
- 4.15.4: Classical Idea of Redox Reactions
- 4.15.5: Electronic Concept of Oxidation and Reduction Reaction
- 4.15.6: Simultaneous Occurrence of Oxidation and Reduction
- 4.15.7: Oxidation Number
- 4.15.8: Oxidation and Reduction in terms of Oxidation Number
- 4.15.9: Types of Redox Reaction
- 4.15.10: Balancing by Ion Electron Method
- 4.15.11: Balancing by Oxidation Number Method
- 4.15.12: Example
- 4.15.13: Redox Reaction and Electrode Process
- 4.15.14: Electrochemical Cell
- 4.15.15: Summary
- 4.15.16: Summary
- 4.15.17: mcq_4.15
-
Chapter 4.16: Some basic concepts of Chemistry-II
- 4.16.1: Introduction
- 4.16.2: Objectives
- 4.16.3: Dimensional Analysis
- 4.16.4: Law of Conservation of Mass
- 4.16.5: Law of Definite Proportions
- 4.16.6: Law of Definite Proportions
- 4.16.7: Gay Lussac's Law of Gaseous Volumes
- 4.16.8: Avogadro Law
- 4.16.9: Dalton's Atomic Theory
- 4.16.10: Atomic Mass and Average Atomic Mass
- 4.16.11: Molecular Mass and Formula Mass
- 4.16.12: Percentage Composition
- 4.16.13: Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula
- 4.16.14: Stoichiometry and Stoichiometric Calculations
- 4.16.15: Mole concepts and Molar Masses
- 4.16.16: Reactions in Solutions
- 4.16.17: Summary
- 4.16.18: Summary
- 4.16.19: mcq_4.16
-
Chapter 4.17: Some basic concepts of Chemistry-I
- 4.17.1: Introduction
- 4.17.2: Objectives
- 4.17.3: Importance of Chemistry
- 4.17.4: Physical States of Matter
- 4.17.5: Classification of Matter
- 4.17.6: Mixtures
- 4.17.7: Types of Mixtures
- 4.17.8: Pure Substance
- 4.17.9: Classification of Pure Substance
- 4.17.10: Compound
- 4.17.11: Properties of Matter
- 4.17.12: The International System of Units(SI)
- 4.17.13: Mass and Weight
- 4.17.14: Volume and Density
- 4.17.15: Temperature
- 4.17.16: Significant Figures
- 4.17.17: Addition,Subtraction,Multiplication and Division of Significant Figures
- 4.17.18: Summary
- 4.17.19: mcq_4.17
-
Chapter 4.18: States of Matter
- 4.18.1: Introduction
- 4.18.2: Objectives
- 4.18.3: Intermolecular Forces
- 4.18.4: Thermal Energy
- 4.18.5: Gaseous State
- 4.18.6: The Gas Laws
- 4.18.7: Charles Law(Temperature-Volume Relationship)
- 4.18.8: Gay Lussac's Law(Pressure-Temperature Relationship)
- 4.18.9: Avogadro Law(Volume-Amount Relationship)
- 4.18.10: Ideal Gas Equation
- 4.18.11: Standard Temperature and Pressure(STP)
- 4.18.12: Example
- 4.18.13: Density and Molar Mass of a Gaseous Substance
- 4.18.14: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
- 4.18.15: Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gas
- 4.18.16: Behaviour of Real Gases:Deviation from Ideal Gas Behaviour
- 4.18.17: Liquefaction of Gases
- 4.18.18: Liquid State
- 4.18.19: Viscosity
- 4.18.20: Summary
- 4.18.21: Summary
- 4.18.22: Summary
- 4.18.23: mcq_4.18
-
Chapter 4.19: Structure of Atom (I)
- 4.19.1: Introduction
- 4.19.2: Objectives
- 4.19.3: Sub-atomic Particles
- 4.19.4: Properties of Cathode Rays
- 4.19.5: Charge to Mass Ratio of Electron
- 4.19.6: Charge on the Electron
- 4.19.7: Discovery of Protons and Neutrons
- 4.19.8: Atomic Models
- 4.19.9: Rutherford's Nuclear Model of Atom
- 4.19.10: Explanation of Rutherford's Nuclear Model
- 4.19.11: Main Points of Rutherford's Nuclear Model of Atom
- 4.19.12: Atomic Number and Mass Number
- 4.19.13: Isobars and Isotopes
- 4.19.14: Drawbacks of Rutherford Model
- 4.19.15: Development leading to the Bohr's Model of Atom
- 4.19.16: Particle Nature of Electromagnnetic Radiation:Planck's Quantum Theory
- 4.19.17: Particle Nature of Electromagnnetic Radiation:Planck's Quantum Theory
- 4.19.18: Dual Behaviour of Electromagnnetic
- 4.19.19: Evidence for the Quantized Electronic Energy Levels:Atomic Spectra
- 4.19.20: Emission and Absorption Spectra
- 4.19.21: Line Spectrum of Hydrogen
- 4.19.22: Bohr's Model for Hydrogen Atom
- 4.19.23: Limitation of Bohr's Model
- 4.19.24: Explanation of Line Spectrum of Hydrogen
- 4.19.25: Reasons for the failure of the Bohr Model
- 4.19.26: Summary
- 4.19.27: Summary
- 4.19.28: Summary
- 4.19.29: mcq_4.19
-
Chapter 4.20: Structure of Atom (II)
- 4.20.1: Introduction
- 4.20.2: Objectives
- 4.20.3: Towards Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
- 4.20.4: Heisenberg's Uncertainity Principle
- 4.20.5: Significance of Uncertainity Principle
- 4.20.6: Example
- 4.20.7: Reasons for the failure of the Bohr Model
- 4.20.8: Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
- 4.20.9: Significance of V
- 4.20.10: Orbitals and Quantum Numbers
- 4.20.11: The Principal Quantum Number(n)
- 4.20.12: Azimuthal Quantum Number(I)
- 4.20.13: Magnetic Orbital Quantum number(m)
- 4.20.14: Spin Quantum Number(m)
- 4.20.15: Shapes of Atomic Orbitals
- 4.20.16: Shapes of Atomic Orbitals
- 4.20.17: charge Cloud Picture of Orbital
- 4.20.18: Energies of Orbitals
- 4.20.19: Energies of Orbitals
- 4.20.20: Filling of Orbitals in Atom
- 4.20.21: Hund's Rules of Maximum Multiplicity
- 4.20.22: Electronic Configuration of Atoms
- 4.20.23: Electronic Configuration of Atoms
- 4.20.24: Stability of Completely filled and Half filled Sub-shells
- 4.20.25: Summary
- 4.20.26: Summary
- 4.20.27: Summary
- 4.20.28: Summary
- 4.20.29: mcq_4.20
-
Chapter 4.21: The p-block Elements
- 4.21.1: Introduction
- 4.21.2: Objectives
- 4.21.3: Definition
- 4.21.4: Insert Pair Effect
- 4.21.5: Group 13 Elements:The Boron Family
- 4.21.6: Physical Properties of Group 13 Elements
- 4.21.7: Chemical Properties of Group 13 Elements
- 4.21.8: Anamalous Properties of Boron
- 4.21.9: Some Important Compounds of Boron
- 4.21.10: Example
- 4.21.11: Uses of Boron and Aluminium and their Compounds
- 4.21.12: Group 14 Elements:The Boron Family
- 4.21.13: General Characteristics of Group 14 Elements
- 4.21.14: Physical Properties of Group 14 Elements
- 4.21.15: Chemical Properties of Group 14 Elements
- 4.21.16: Anamalous Properties of Carbon
- 4.21.17: Allotropes of Carbon
- 4.21.18: Some Important Compunds of Carbon
- 4.21.19: Some Important Compunds of Sillicon
- 4.21.20: Summary
- 4.21.21: Summary
- 4.21.22: mcq_4.21
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Chapter 4.22: The s-block Elements
- 4.22.1: Introduction
- 4.22.2: Objectives
- 4.22.3: Objectives
- 4.22.4: Definition
- 4.22.5: Diagonal Relationship
- 4.22.6: Group 1 Elements
- 4.22.7: Chemical Properties of Alkali Metals
- 4.22.8: Uses of Alkali Metals
- 4.22.9: General Characteristics of the Compound of Alkali Metals
- 4.22.10: Properties of Lithium
- 4.22.11: Points of Similarities between Lithium and Magnesium
- 4.22.12: Example
- 4.22.13: Some Important Compounds of sodium
- 4.22.14: Biological Importance of Sodium and Potassium
- 4.22.15: Group 2 Elements
- 4.22.16: Chemical Properties of Alkaline Earth Metals
- 4.22.17: General Characteristics of the Compound of Alkaline Earth Metals
- 4.22.18: Uses of Alkaline Earth Metals
- 4.22.19: Properties of Beryllium
- 4.22.20: Some Important Compounds of Calcium
- 4.22.21: Plaster of Paris and Cement
- 4.22.22: Biological Importance of Magnesium and Calcium
- 4.22.23: Summary
- 4.22.24: Summary
- 4.22.25: Summary
- 4.22.26: mcq_4.22
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Chapter 4.23: Thermodynamics
- 4.23.1: Introduction
- 4.23.2: Objectives
- 4.23.3: Objectives
- 4.23.4: Thermodynamics
- 4.23.5: Basic Terminologies in Thermodynamics
- 4.23.6: Thermodynamic Process
- 4.23.7: Mode of Transference of Energy
- 4.23.8: Internal Energy
- 4.23.9: Pressure-Volume Work
- 4.23.10: Enthalpy
- 4.23.11: Extensive and Intensive Properties
- 4.23.12: Heat Capacity
- 4.23.13: Calorimetry
- 4.23.14: Relationship between H and E
- 4.23.15: Example
- 4.23.16: Various forms of Enthalpy of Reaction
- 4.23.17: Laws of Thermochemistry
- 4.23.18: Bond Enthalpies
- 4.23.19: Spontaneous Process
- 4.23.20: Gibbs Energy
- 4.23.21: Standard Gibbs Energy for Formation
- 4.23.22: Summary
- 4.23.23: Summary
- 4.23.24: mcq_4.23
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Chapter 4.1: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure-I